Lake District

Ground conditions

Date: Wednesday 14 January. Location: Helvellyn summit at 11:45. Temperature: minus 1.4C. Maximum wind speed 41.7mph. Wind chill: minus 12.7C. Average wind speed: 38.4mph. Full report: Full winter conditions. With temperatures around 4°C in Glenridding, cold conditions on the summit of Helvellyn were always expected, given the normal lapse rate (temperature decreasing with height). The relatively benign conditions at lower levels gave little indication of what awaited on the high fells. On the approach to Red Tarn, it became clear that snow had largely survived the recent thaw and wet weather, with light new snow falling above 700m. Evidence on the paths suggested the freezing level had dropped overnight to at least 600m, with old snow patches interspersed with water ice. At this point, microspikes were being considered to aid progress. However, crampons proved the more appropriate choice, as a direct ascent from Red Tarn up the east-facing headwall of Helvellyn, through the snow bowl, could be made entirely on firm, frozen old snow. Significant amounts of cornice-collapse debris and avalanche runout were visible on this slope, most likely triggered by Sunday's rainfall. This debris was now being covered by fresh, windblown snow, transported from the summit plateau on a south-westerly wind and deposited onto the east-facing slopes. Snow depth increased noticeably over the final 100 metres to the summit, though at the time showed little chance for further avalanching. A shallow-angle cornice at the top was easily negotiated. Forecast new snowfall overnight is likely to increase both snow depth and the likelihood of further snow movement. The summit plateau itself was largely scoured of snow, and paths on the Thirlmere side are likely to be similar, aside from some drifting along path edges. Striding Edge and Swirral Edge are now in full winter condition, with at least microspikes or crampons being used by winter adventurers for security. Footsteps were already in-filling on the ramp near the top of Swirral Edge, requiring care. An ice axe proved useful for balance, particularly when exiting onto the plateau in a 40 mph south-westerly wind. As winds back more southerly through Wednesday and overnight new snow will continue to be redistributed around the mountain. With similar conditions expected on Thursday, eye protection (goggles or workforce glasses) is strongly recommended, as spindrift and blowing snow are likely. Edges and steep drops were difficult to identify at times. Plan for full winter conditions, carry additional clothing, and take basic safety equipment, including first aid and an emergency shelter. A clear navigation plan is essential, with attention for changes in direction and visibility.